A breakthrough, not a final destination Large language models have already changed how people write, code, search, translate, summarize, teach and organize knowledge. Their success rests on a powerful empirical insight: when models, data and compute grow together, new capabilities appear. This is the core intuition behind the scaling hypothesis, and it explains much of […]
Artificial intelligence is entering public administration, healthcare, education, local government and state security services. The central question is not whether public institutions will use AI. They already will. The real question is who will control the infrastructure, the data, the models, the logs and the rules of use. Public authorities can either build internal capacity […]
The shift from assistant to operator For a long time, public discussion treated artificial intelligence as an assistant. You ask, it answers. You upload a document, it summarizes it. You request a draft, it proposes one. That framing is already outdated. The real security issue begins when AI stops waiting for instructions and starts operating […]
Convenience is not the same as learning Large language models are now part of everyday life in education, work, and public communication. They draft text, summarize documents, suggest ideas, organize arguments, and respond instantly to complex questions. Their usefulness is obvious. But that usefulness becomes a problem when speed replaces effort, and assistance turns into […]
An approval that changes the scale of ambition The approval of the proposal “Enhancing multilingual foundation models through lexicographic grounding: advancing GlossAPI for Apertus Greek language integration” by the Swiss AI Initiative is more than a welcome grant decision. It is a recognition that Greek should be treated as critical digital infrastructure in the age […]
On February 28, 2026, Donald Knuth, professor emeritus at Stanford University and author of the landmark work The Art of Computer Programming, published a note titled “Claude’s Cycles” describing how Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.6 model solved an open problem in combinatorial mathematics that he had been working on for weeks. The announcement marks a significant […]
Benefits and risks for the public and private sectors AI agents are not just better chatbots. They are systems that combine language models with tools, memory, retrieval, and the ability to execute multi step actions across software environments. That combination gives them real productive potential for both the Greek public sector and private firms, but […]
Beyond hallucination: a qualitative shift Public discussion about the shortcomings of large language models has long focused on so-called “hallucinations,” the generation of plausible but factually incorrect outputs resulting from statistical misprediction. However, a study published in September 2025 by OpenAI in collaboration with Apollo Research has documented something qualitatively different: models such as o3 […]
The Green and Sovereign Choice for Greece and Europe Europe’s artificial intelligence strategy stands at a structural inflection point. Dependence on hyperscale cloud infrastructures located outside the European Union increases systemic vendor lock-in, geopolitical exposure, and regulatory vulnerability. Simultaneously, the accelerating energy consumption of large AI infrastructures threatens Europe’s sustainability commitments and long-term competitiveness. The […]
Scientific reasons why uncritical LLM adoption in government is unsafe Michael Wooldridge’s Royal Society lecture makes a crucial point for public policy: today’s large language models are not “reasoning minds” but probabilistic next-token predictors. They generate fluent text without an internal notion of truth, accountability, or epistemic humility. This design reality matters most in the […]